Normative Beliefs about Adolescent-to-Parent Violence: The Spanish Adaptations of the Beliefs about Child-to-Parent Abuse Questionnaire and the Abusive Behavior by Children-Indices.

Ascertaining the true prevalence of adolescent-to-parent violence (APV) is challenging because the measurement of APV in research is complex. There is no consensus on which behaviors constitute APV or how frequently they need to occur to be considered abusive. This study aimed to explore the normative beliefs about APV related to the perpetrator's gender in a sample of Spanish parents, by developing Spanish adaptations of the BACPAQ and the ABC-I. The participants were 329 Spanish parents aged 19 to 81, and 77% were mothers. They answered the Spanish adaptation of the BACPAQ online after being contacted by university students using the snowball sampling technique. Results show that sons were judged more harshly than daughters; although, differences were statistically significant only for a few psychologically abusive behaviors. There was agreement with the original study on the abusive nature of most behaviors, especially regarding physical violence. Cultural differences were reflected in verbal, psychological, and economic violence, and Spanish parents used more stringent thresholds than Australians. Future research should tackle the difficulty of carrying out studies on APV using a single tool able to reflect normative beliefs about this type of domestic violence in different cultures.

Validation of the Explanations of Adolescent-to-Parent Violence Scale.

BACKGROUND: Adolescent-to-parent violence (APV) is a social problem that is seldom addressed from a psychosocial level of analysis. This work aims to fill this gap by developing the Escala de Explicaciones de la Violencia Filioparental (EEVFP), an instrument to measure APV explanations given spontaneously by ordinary people. METHOD: The sample was composed of 763 men and women aged 15 to 79, with and without offspring. RESULTS: Using a cross-validation procedure based on factorial analysis, the scale's underlying structure that best fit the data included six factors: Poor Parenting, Inadequate Environment, Emotional Reaction, Adolescence, and Evil/Madness. Evidence on the relationship between EEVFP and the Revised Scale of Causal Dimensions was also provided, as well as on differences in explanations due to gender and having children. CONCLUSIONS: The results provide sufficient evidence of reliability and validity to consider EEVFP a useful tool in APV research exploring the relationship between APV explanations and subsequent behavior. This research may be helpful in training practitioners and in designing intervention strategies that avoid blaming parents and increase support from their surroundings.

Validation of the Explanations of Adolescent-to-Parent Violence Scale / Validación de la Escala de Explicaciones de la Violencia Filioparental

Background: Adolescent-to-parent violence (APV) is a social problem that is seldom addressed from a psychosocial level of analysis. This work aims to fill this gap by developing the Escala de Explicaciones de la Violencia Filioparental (EEVFP), an instrument to measure APV explanations given spontaneously by ordinary people. Method: The sample was composed of 763 men and women aged 15 to 79, with and without offspring. Results: Using a cross-validation procedure based on factorial analysis, the scale’s underlying structure that best fit the data included six factors: Poor Parenting, Inadequate Environment, Emotional Reaction, Adolescence, and Evil/Madness. Evidence on the relationship between EEVFP and the Revised Scale of Causal Dimensions was also provided, as well as on differences in explanations due to gender and having children. Conclusions: The results provide sufficient evidence of reliability and validity to consider EEVFP a useful tool in APV research exploring the relationship between APV explanations and subsequent behavior. This research may be helpful in training practitioners and in designing intervention strategies that avoid blaming parents and increase support from their surroundings. (AU)

Antecedentes: la violencia filioparental (VFP) es un problema social que no suele abordarse desde un nivel de análisis psicosocial. Este trabajo pretende paliar esta carencia desarrollando la Escala de Explicaciones de la Violencia Filioparental (EEVFP), un instrumento que mide las explicaciones espontáneas sobre la VFP. Método: la muestra estuvo formada por 763 hombres y mujeres de entre 15 y 79 años, con y sin hijos. Resultados: siguiendo un procedimiento de validación cruzada para análisis factorial, la estructura de la escala que mejor se ajustó a los datos incluyó seis factores: Parentalidad Inadecuada, Entorno Inadecuado, Reacción Emocional, Adolescencia y Maldad/Locura. Se aportaron evidencias de la relación entre la EEVFP y la Revised Scale of Causal Dimensions, así como de las diferencias en las explicaciones en función del género y de tener hijos. Conclusiones: los resultados proporcionan suficientes evidencias de fiabilidad y validez para considerar la EEVFP un instrumento útil en la investigación que explore la relación entre las explicaciones de la VFP y la conducta posterior. Este conocimiento podría ser valioso en la formación de los profesionales y en el diseño de estrategias de intervención que eviten la culpabilización de los padres y aumenten el apoyo que reciben de su entorno. (AU)

La especificidad conductual de la violencia filio-parental / The behavioral specificity of child-to-parent violence

La violencia filio-parental (VFP) es un tipo de violencia intrafamiliar que ha cobrado visibilidad social y científica en los últimos años. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar distintas formas de VFP y su relación con dos grupos de variables. Por un lado, el género, la edad, la estructura familiar, el curso, el rendimiento académico, el consumo de drogas, la frecuencia de dicho consumo y el diagnóstico de psicopatología. Por otro lado, la exposición a la violencia, el calor parental, el autoconcepto, el sexismo, el narcisismo y la psicopatía. Los participantes fueron 225 estudiantes de instituto, de 14 a 20 años, el 54.7% chicas. Las tasas de VFP fueron inferiores a las de estudios españoles previos pero semejantes a las de otros países. La mayoría de los participantes realizaron una sola conducta, insultar, y la conducta de pegar nunca apareció sola, sino en combinación con al menos otras dos conductas. El análisis de los datos mostró que la capacidad de las variables estudiadas para predecir la VFP varía para cada conducta específica. Los resultados se discuten proponiendo que los estudios futuros consideren la VFP como un problema social que trasciende la relación padres-hijos

Child-to-parent violence (CPV) is a type of domestic violence that has gained social and scientific visibility in recent years. The objective of this study is to analyze different forms of CPV and their relationship with two groups of variables. The first group includes gender, age, family structure, school year, academic performance, drug use, frequency of drug use and diagnosis of psychopathology. The second analyzes exposure to violence, parental warmth, self-concept, sexism, narcissism and psychopathy. The participants were 225 high school students from 14 to 20 years old, 54.7% of them girls. The CPV rates were lower than those of previous Spanish studies but similar to those in other countries. Most participants engaged in only one behavior, insulting, and hitting never appeared alone, but in combination with at least two other behaviors. The analysis of the data showed that the ability of the variables under study to predict CPV varies for each specific behavior. The results are discussed by proposing that future studies consider CPV as a social problem that goes beyond parent-child relations